A list of policies and procedures governing the various features of the program should be in writing and well publicized, perhaps in handbook form. The National Intramural-Recreational Sports Association (NIRSA) serves as an excellent resource for this undertaking.
Policies and procedures for recreational sports should be developed in at least the following areas student involvement in program organization and management, health and welfare of all participants, activities that meet the interests and needs of the participants, officiating, protests, eligibility standards, fees, forfeits, postponements, point systems, and awards. Policies and procedures concerning user groups, guest fees, rental structure, noise, food consumption, key control, equipment control, and facility use should also be on record. The health and safety of the participants must be a top priority, and policies concerning emergency procedure, should be well publicized.
MANAGEMENT CONCERNS IN K-12 SCHOOLS
The management of recreational sports at the elementary, junior high or middle, and secondary school levels presents some problems that are peculiar to these programs. Whereas in many colleges and universities students live in dormitories and on campus, this is not the case in K-12 systems. Sonic students have to work after school or catch a bus to take them home and cannot stay after school to participate in recreational sports, whereas college students more often are able to participate because they are not faced with such a problem, at least in institutions with dormitory living. Also, many times the parents of elementary, junior high or middle, and secondary school students do not see the value of recreational sports and so do not encourage their children to participate after school. College students, on the other hand, make their own decisions in most cases. Another problem faced by managers of K-12 recreational programs is the lack of facilities. Most schools have limited gymnasium and out-door space. Varsity sports are often given priority in the use of these facilities, which causes a hardship on the recreational sports program. The question of financial and human resource support also exists in many schools.
In light of these problems managers of school recreational sport programs need to be creative "hen trying to initiate such programs. Some schools, for example, use community parks and centers, YWCA swimming pools, and Boys' Clubs to provide facilities that meet the programmatic needs of their students.'
MANAGEMENT CONCERNS FOR COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES
Recreational sport has grown so large on the college campus that it presents a different pattern of concerns and challenges than that of the school setting. It is estimated that 40% to 8096 of most college students participate in recreational sports. Despite this increase in participation, finances remain a prime concern. Most programs' primary sources of revenue are institutional funds and student fees. A trend in decrease of institutional funding has challenged many programs to create alternative sources of funding (e.g., opening facilities to the public, providing instructional classes, operating sport camps).
Facility development, however, remains alive and well-one just has to visit Central Michigan University, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Vanderbilt University, or the Universities of Minnesota, Illinois, or Arizona to mention a few that have in-vested in architectural showcase facilities. Further-more, with the development of new and refurbished facilities there are myriad opportunities for qualified and well-trained professionals to provide leadership in recreational sport management.
ORGANIZATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
The organization of a recreational sports program involves selecting activities, scheduling, determining eligibility, establishing awards and point systems, maintaining records, planning health examinations, financing, and directing publicity and promotion.
Activities. The activities constituting the recreational sports program determine the amount of resulting participation. It is therefore important to select the most appropriate activities. The following are recommended management guidelines that will help in selecting activities.
Policies and procedures for recreational sports should be developed in at least the following areas student involvement in program organization and management, health and welfare of all participants, activities that meet the interests and needs of the participants, officiating, protests, eligibility standards, fees, forfeits, postponements, point systems, and awards. Policies and procedures concerning user groups, guest fees, rental structure, noise, food consumption, key control, equipment control, and facility use should also be on record. The health and safety of the participants must be a top priority, and policies concerning emergency procedure, should be well publicized.
MANAGEMENT CONCERNS IN K-12 SCHOOLS
The management of recreational sports at the elementary, junior high or middle, and secondary school levels presents some problems that are peculiar to these programs. Whereas in many colleges and universities students live in dormitories and on campus, this is not the case in K-12 systems. Sonic students have to work after school or catch a bus to take them home and cannot stay after school to participate in recreational sports, whereas college students more often are able to participate because they are not faced with such a problem, at least in institutions with dormitory living. Also, many times the parents of elementary, junior high or middle, and secondary school students do not see the value of recreational sports and so do not encourage their children to participate after school. College students, on the other hand, make their own decisions in most cases. Another problem faced by managers of K-12 recreational programs is the lack of facilities. Most schools have limited gymnasium and out-door space. Varsity sports are often given priority in the use of these facilities, which causes a hardship on the recreational sports program. The question of financial and human resource support also exists in many schools.
In light of these problems managers of school recreational sport programs need to be creative "hen trying to initiate such programs. Some schools, for example, use community parks and centers, YWCA swimming pools, and Boys' Clubs to provide facilities that meet the programmatic needs of their students.'
MANAGEMENT CONCERNS FOR COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES
Recreational sport has grown so large on the college campus that it presents a different pattern of concerns and challenges than that of the school setting. It is estimated that 40% to 8096 of most college students participate in recreational sports. Despite this increase in participation, finances remain a prime concern. Most programs' primary sources of revenue are institutional funds and student fees. A trend in decrease of institutional funding has challenged many programs to create alternative sources of funding (e.g., opening facilities to the public, providing instructional classes, operating sport camps).
Facility development, however, remains alive and well-one just has to visit Central Michigan University, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Vanderbilt University, or the Universities of Minnesota, Illinois, or Arizona to mention a few that have in-vested in architectural showcase facilities. Further-more, with the development of new and refurbished facilities there are myriad opportunities for qualified and well-trained professionals to provide leadership in recreational sport management.
ORGANIZATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
The organization of a recreational sports program involves selecting activities, scheduling, determining eligibility, establishing awards and point systems, maintaining records, planning health examinations, financing, and directing publicity and promotion.
Activities. The activities constituting the recreational sports program determine the amount of resulting participation. It is therefore important to select the most appropriate activities. The following are recommended management guidelines that will help in selecting activities.
- Activities should be selected in accordance with the season of the year and local conditions and influences.
- Activities should reflect the needs and interests of the students or the members of the organization. These may include faculty and staff.
- Coeducational recreational activities and recreational activities for students with varying disabilities should be provided.
- The activities included in the school physical education program should be coordinated with the activities included in the recreational spurts program, which could serve as a laboratory experience for physical education.
- Many desirable activities require little special equipment and do not require long periods of training to get the participant in appropriate playing condition.
- Consideration should be given to such recreational activities as field trips, dramatics, hiking, camping, bicycling, orienteering, and other out-door pursuit activities.
- Activities should be selected with special attention to the ability and safety of the participant.
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